목차 전체
1
시민과 함께하는 서울 : 1991~2000 =Seoul, With the Seoulites
목차
01. Advent of an Era of Local Autonomy
1) Revival of the System of Local Autonomy, by and for the People 14
Election of Heads of Local Autonomous Bodies in an Era of Localization 16
2) Spread of Democracy and Evaporation of Authoritarianism 22
3) Seoul Mayors 32
President-appointed Seoul Mayors 32
Seoul Mayors Directly Elected by Seoulites 40
4) Seoul Metropolitan Council and District Councils, the Heart of Grassroots Democracy 50
Activities of the Seoul Metropolitan Council 54
Local Autonomy on a Gu Level 58
Seoul City Hall Swayed by Central Politics 60
02. Municipal Administration of the City of Seoul in an Era of Local Autonomy
1) Municipal Administration of the City of Seoul Based on Transparency and Communicativeness 66
Systematic Research on Municipal Administration and Information Disclosure 66
Aiming to Communicate with Seoul's Citizens 68
The Realization of e-Government and the Enhancement of Transparency 72
2) Greetings to an Environmentally-friendly Municipal Administration 76
3) More Women Taking Part in the City's Municipal Administration 86
4) Globalization of Municipal Administration and Urban Diplomacy 90
5) Seoul at the Start of the New Millennium 98
03. Seoul, Main Center for Commerce and Financial Crisis
1) Seoul, Leading the Country in Matters of Consumption and Distribution 106
Into an Era in which Consumption is a Virtue 106
Wholesale Marts, New Landmarks in Seoul 108
Modernized Convenience Stores 112
New Department Stores in Sub-downtown Areas 114
E-Commerce and Door-to-door Delivery, the Revolution in Distribution 116
Conventional Markets Found Opportunities in times of Crisis 118
Preparations to become a World-famous Convention City 124
2) Mandatory Use of Real Names in, and Computerization of all Financial Transactions 126
3) The Financial Crisis of 1997 130
Restructuring of Businesses, Financial Institutions, and the Public Sector 132
Seoul, Stuck in the Quagmire of Recession 136
Widespread Unemployment and Difficulty in Finding Jobs 140
The Labor Movement under the IMF-supervised Economic System 144
Diverse Efforts to Overcome the Crisis 150
Attraction of Venture Businesses and Foreign Capital 160
04. New Paradigm in Urban Infrastructure Facilities
1) Introducing a new paradigm in urban infrastructure facilities 166
Extensive Repair of Bridges over the Han River 168
Construction of Urban Expressways 176
Start of the Subway Era, Phase 2 180
Reinforcement of the Disaster Prevention System and Adoption of an Identification System 182
2) Downtown Redevelopment and Improvement of Residential Environment 186
Re-energized Urban Redevelopment 186
Redevelopment Projects and Construction of Houses 188
Residents Forced to Leave their Dilapidated Houses 198
3) Infrastructure Facilities for an Environmentally-friendly City 202
Expansion of Parks and Changes in the Green Area Paradigm 202
Fundamental Measures for Trash Disposal 206
Trash Recycling and Environmental Conservation 210
Efforts to Supply Clean Water 214
Improvement of Public Facilities 222
4) Preparations to Usher in the 2000s 224
Construction of a New Seoul City Hall Building and World Cup Stadium 224
05. The Dawn of a New Era of Transportation, Digital Communications and Broadcasting
1) Transportation in Seoul in an Era of Widespread Car Ownership 230
A Dark Side to the Proliferation of the Automobile 230
Chronic Shortage of Parking Spaces 234
Difficulties Faced by Buses, a Leading Mode of Public Transportation 238
Rapid Increase in the Number of Taxis in Seoul, with Taxi Businesses Experiencing Difficulty 242
Joining the Ranks of World-class Subways 244
Debate about the High-speed Railway, Expansion of Gimpo International Airport 250
2) Communications in the Era of Digital Technology 254
Seoulites Linked Worldwide via the Internet 254
Internet Cafes, New Spaces for Cultural Activities 260
Beepers Replaced by Cell Phones 262
3) Entering the Digital Broadcast Era 264
Launch of Cable TV Services 264
Digital Technology Replaces Analog Technology in the Broadcasting and Newspaper Industry 268
06. Education, Health and Welfare in an Era of Globalization
1) Education in an Era of Globalization 272
The Mania for Teaching English to Young Children 272
A Boom in Sending Young Children to Foreign Countries 274
The Effect of Globalization on Domestic Universities 278
2) College Entrance Exam 280
College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT) and Revival of Independent College Entrance Exams 280
Gwaoe(Private Tutoring), a Costly Burden for most Parents 284
3) Lifelong Education 286
Knowledge-based Society and Lifelong Education 286
Lifelong Education Welcomed by Senior Citizens 288
Seoul City's Cultural Education Sessions Highly Acclaimed 290
4) Health and Medical Services 292
Hospitals Easier to Visit, Advent of National Health Insurance 292
Upgrade of Medical Facilities in Private and Municipal Hospitals and Service Improvement 298
5) Advent of the Welfare Era 302
Spread of the National Pension System 302
Addressing the Welfare Needs of Senior Citizens in an Aging Society 304
Increase in the Number of Welfare Centers 310
Enhanced Welfare for Young People 314
Welfare for the Disabled at the Initial Stage 320
6) The Spirit of "Loving Thy Neighbor" Began to Spread During the Country's Financial Crisis 322
Help for those who Lost their Jobs 322
07. Culture and Arts : Rediscovery of the Country's Traditions and the Era of Pop Culture
1) Seoul's Rebirth as a City with a Significant History 328
Re-establishing the Country's History 332
Paying Homage to Patriotic Martyrs 336
Restoration of the Royal Palaces of the Joseon Dynasty 340
Restoration of Seoul's History as the Capital of the Baekje Dynasty 354
Construction of the Seoul Museum of History and Burial of a Time Capsule 356
2) Seoul, a City of Culture and Arts 360
New Venues for the Performing Arts 360
Proliferation of Museums, Art Galleries, Local Culture and Art Centers 364
3) Events Held to Commemorate the 600th Anniversary of Seoul's Designation as the Nation's Capital 370
Restoration of Traditional Festivities 370
Reenactment of Events Associated with the Joseon Dynasty 374
Exhibitions Concerning the Country's History 380
4) Seoul, a City of Great Festivities 384
Festivities Held in Seoul's Autonomous Districts 384
Street Culture Festivals by People 388
Seoul, where Diverse Foreign Cultures are Introduced 392
5) Newly Emerging Pop Culture 402
Art performances held in places close to people's workplaces 402
Stage Plays and Cinemas in the Era of Door-opening 404
Opening of an Era of Musicals 406
Emergence of Multiplex Cinemas and Korean-type Blockbuster Movies 408
Dance Music Mania and the Pop Group "Seo Tae-ji & Boys" 412
Arts in an Era of Digital Technology 414
08. Changes in the Lives of Seoulites
1) Advent of a Mass-consumption Society-Changes in Life Patterns 418
New Generations - The Key Players of the Consumption Culture in the 1990s 418
The Fashionable Attire of Seoulites 422
2) Diversification and the Enhanced Quality of Food 430
Environmentally-friendly Food 430
Business Booming with Family Restaurants 432
Coffee Houses taking the Place of Dabang(Tea Rooms) 436
3) Convenience Provided by Newly Built Apartments 438
4) A Need for a Consensus about the "Right Wedding Ceremony" 440
5) Funeral-Change from Burial to Cremation 442
6) Leisure 446
The Way that New Generations Spend Their Free Time 446
How Koreans Spent Their Leisure Time 448
Sports and Spectators 452
Spending more Time in Leisure Activities and Hangang Parks 456
7) Incoming and Outgoing Tourists 462
Seoul, a Favorite Destination for Foreign Tourists 462
A Rapid Increase in the Number of Outgoing Tourists 466
09. Disgracing the Building Republic's Pride
1) Flood-caused Damages 470
2) Man-made Disasters 476
Collapse of Seongsudaegyo over the Han River 476
Collapse of Sampoong Department Store 482
3) Fires and Safety Accidents 490
4) Necessary Countermeasures 494
10. Landscapes of Seoul
Downtown 502
Jung-gu and Jongno-gu Area 505
Dongdaemun-gu, Seongdong-gu, Jungnang-gu, Gwangjin-gu 516
Seongbuk-gu, Gangbuk-gu, Nowon-gu 520
Seodaemun-gu, Mapo-gu, Eunpyeong-gu 524
Yongsan-gu, riverside of Hangang 530
Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Songpa-gu, Gangdong-gu 538
Gwanak-gu, Dongjak-gu, Geumcheon-gu 544
Yeongdeungpo-gu, Guro-gu, Yangcheon-gu, Gangseo-gu 548
List of photographs
References